Cropped 19 November 2025: COP30 edition
AI Analysis
Summary
<p>We handpick and explain the most important stories at the intersection of climate, land, food...</p> <p>The post <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped-19-november-2025-cop30-edition/">Cropped 19 November 2025: COP30 edition</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org">Carbon Brief</a>.</p>
<p class="has-text-align-center"><em>We handpick and explain the most important stories at the intersection of climate, land, food and nature over the past fortnight.</em></p>
<p class="has-text-align-center"><em>This is an online version of Carbon Brief’s fortnightly Cropped email newsletter. Subscribe for <a href="https://subscribe.carbonbrief.org/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">free here.</a></em></p>
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key developments</strong></h1>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>COP30 nears its end</strong></h3>
<p><strong>COP TALK: </strong>The COP30 climate summit is entering its final days in Belém – and food, forests and land have all featured across the two weeks of talks. The formal agriculture negotiations track at climate COPs is the Sharm-el-Sheikh joint work on climate action for agriculture and food security (SWJA). Talks, however, came to an abrupt halt last Thursday evening, with countries <a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/sb2025_L05_adv.pdf">agreeing</a> to continue discussions on a <a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/SJWA_cop30_DC_0.pdf">draft text</a> – with elements ranging from agroecology to precision agriculture – in Bonn next year. </p>
<p><strong>DEFORESTATION ROADMAP: </strong><a href="https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/climate_and_energy_practice/?15363391/Joint-Statement-by-WWF-and-Greenpeace-on-a-Forest-Roadmap">WWF and Greenpeace</a> called for a roadmap at COP30 to end deforestation. There has been a lot of chatter about roadmaps in Belém, with more than 80 countries backing calls for a roadmap for phasing out fossil fuels, the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/nov/18/more-than-80-countries-join-call-at-cop30-for-roadmap-to-phasing-out-fossil-fuels">Guardian</a> said. Kirsten Schuijt from WWF told a press conference that a similar plan on ending deforestation should include “real actions and ambition to bend the curve on forest loss”. Writing for <a href="https://backchannel1.substack.com/p/its-crunch-time-for-the-forest-cop?utm_source=cbnewsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=2025-11-19&utm_campaign=Daily%2BBriefing%2BPush%2Bfor%2Bfossil-fuel%2Broadmap%2BChina%2Bblasts%2BEU%2Bgoal%2BCrunch%2Btime%2Bfor%2Bforest%2BCOP%2B">Backchannel</a>, Colombia’s environment minister Irene Vélez-Torres said: “We need to see the global north come behind a roadmap – and quickly”. (Carbon Brief’s Daisy Dunne has <a href="https://buff.ly/wN2qzWM">started tracking</a> the countries in favour, such as Colombia.) </p>
<p><strong>CARBON MARKETS: </strong>Elsewhere at the talks, nature-based solutions featured in an <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/drsimevans.carbonbrief.org/post/3m5lwfvzkds2q">early draft text</a> of carbon market negotiations. (Carbon Brief’s Aruna Chandrasekhar took a <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/arunacsekhar.bsky.social/post/3m5lwztmrm22w">closer look</a> at some of these references.) In addition, the Brazilian presidency <a href="https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/carbon-market-coalition-welcomes-18-member-countries-at-cop30">launched</a> a global coalition of “compliance carbon markets” on 7 November, which was endorsed by 18 countries. </p>
<p><strong>BIG AG IN BELÉM: </strong>More than 300 industrial agriculture lobbyists attended COP30, according to an investigation by <a href="https://www.desmog.com/2025/11/18/more-than-300-lobbyists-for-industrial-agriculture-are-attending-cop30/">DeSmog</a> and the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/nov/18/big-agriculture-lobbyists-cop30-climate-summit">Guardian</a>. This is a 14% increase on last year, DeSmog reported, and larger than Canada’s entire delegation. One in four agricultural lobbyists attended the talks as part of an official country delegation, the outlet noted. Elsewhere, <a href="https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2025/11/11/cop30-sponsors-agribusiness-deforestation-lobbying/">Unearthed</a> found that the sustainable agriculture pavilion at COP30 was “sponsored by agribiz interests linked to deforestation and anti-conservation lobbying”. Brazilian outlet <a href="https://apublica.org/nota/joesley-e-wesley-batista-brasil-convida-bilionarios-para-cop30/">Agência Pública</a> reported that Brazil placed the “billionaire brothers” who own JBS, the world’s largest beef producer, on a “VIP list” at the summit.</p>
<p><strong>TRACKING PROGRESS: </strong>A <a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/ministers-urge-decisive-methane-action-global-report-shows-progress">UN report</a> found that while progress has been made towards a global pledge to cut methane emissions by 30% by 2030, emissions of the potent greenhouse gas continue to rise. The report said agricultural methane is projected to increase by 4-8% by 2030, but could instead reduce by 8% with methane-reduction measures. Elsewhere, a report covered by <a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/amp/story/forests/cop30-one-billion-hectares-needed-to-meet-climate-promises-shows-report">Down to Earth</a> found that countries need more than 1bn hectares of land, “an area larger than Australia”, to meet carbon removal pledges. </p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Indigenous presence in Belém</strong></h3>
<p><strong>QUESTIONED PARTICIPATION:</strong> Ahead of COP30, Brazil’s presidency <a href="https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/guardians-of-biodiversity-brasil-coordinates-largest-indigenous-participation-in-cop-history#:~:text=CIRCLES-,%E2%80%9CGuardians%20of%20Biodiversity%E2%80%9D:%20Brasil%20Coordinates%20Largest%20Indigenous%20Participation%20in,designated%20for%20civil%20society%20observers.">had expected</a> the arrival of 3,000 Indigenous peoples in Belém. Indigenous peoples from the Amazon were at COP30 “in greater numbers than ever before”, with 900 representatives granted access to the negotiations, the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/14/climate/cop30-belem-indigenous-people.html">New York Times</a> reported. However, only four people from Brazil’s afro-descendant Quilombolas communities held such accreditation, <a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2025/11/13/despite-record-turnout-only-14-of-indigenous-brazilians-get-access-to-cop30-decision-making-spaces/">Climate Home News</a> and <a href="https://infoamazonia.org/2025/11/11/governo-entrega-ao-movimento-quilombola-apenas-quatro-credenciais-para-a-cop30/">InfoAmazonia</a> reported. A boat journey that took 62 Indigenous representatives across the Amazon river to attend the COP30 was covered by <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ambiente/2025/11/indigenas-viajam-3000-km-pelo-rio-amazonas-e-chegam-em-belem-para-a-cop30.shtml">Folha de São Paulo</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/cop/andes-amazon-indigenous-leaders-bring-their-demands-cop30-2025-11-10/">Reuters</a> and <a href="https://elpais.com/america-futura/2025-11-06/las-voces-de-los-jovenes-indigenas-que-navegan-a-la-cop30-heredamos-la-fuerza-y-las-heridas-de-la-amazonia.html">El País</a>.</p>
<p><strong>VARIED DEMANDS:</strong> Indigenous leaders arrived in Belém with a variety of demands, including the inclusion of their land rights within countries’ climate plans, the New York Times added. It wrote that land demarcation “would provide legal protection against incursion by loggers, farmers, miners and ranchers”. Half of the group that sailed across the Amazon river were youths that brought demands from Amazon peoples to the climate summit, <a href="https://elpais.com/america-futura/2025-11-06/las-voces-de-los-jovenes-indigenas-que-navegan-a-la-cop30-heredamos-la-fuerza-y-las-heridas-de-la-amazonia.html">El País</a> reported. A small Indigenous group from Cambodia attended COP30 to combat climate disinformation and call for ensuring Indigenous rights in forest projects, <a href="https://kiripost.com/stories/cambodian-indigenous-guardians-head-to-cop30-to-confront-disinformation-and-demand-justice">Kiri Post</a> reported.</p>
<p><strong>FROM BLOCKADES TO THE STREETS:</strong> During the first week of COP30, Indigenous protesters blocked the entrance of the conference and clashed with police officers when demanding climate action and forest protection, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/cop/brazils-cop30-resumes-after-security-clashes-with-indigenous-protesters-2025-11-12/">Reuters</a> reported. Tens of thousands of protesters, including Indigenous peoples, took to the streets of Belém on Saturday to demand climate justice and hold a funeral for fossil fuels, <a href="https://es.mongabay.com/2025/11/cop30-indigena-protestas-belem-marchas/">Mongabay</a> and the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/nov/15/thousands-hit-streets-of-belem-to-call-for-action-during-crucial-cop30-summit">Guardian</a> reported. </p>
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>News and views</strong></h1>
<p><strong>AGRI DISASTERS: </strong>Disasters have driven $3.26tn in agricultural losses worldwide over the past 33 years, amounting to around 4% of global agricultural GDP, according to a new report from the <a href="https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/disasters-cost-global-agriculture--3.26-trillion-over-three-decades--fao-report-reveals/en">UN Food and Agriculture Organization</a>. The report assessed how disasters – including droughts, floods, pests and marine heatwaves – are disrupting food production, livelihoods and nutrition. It found that Asia saw nearly half of global losses, while Africa recorded the highest proportional impacts, losing 7.4% of its agricultural GDP.</p>
<p><strong>WATER ‘CATASTROPHE’: </strong>Iran is facing “nationwide catastrophe” due to “worsening droughts, record-low rainfall and decades of mismanaged water resources”, <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/more-cities-run-dry-iran-water-crisis-deepens-11019659">Newsweek</a> reported. According to <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/12/as-the-dams-feeding-tehran-run-dry-iran-struggles-with-a-dire-water-crisis">Al Jazeera</a>, the country is facing its sixth consecutive drought year, following high summertime temperatures. The outlet added: “Iran spends 90% of its water on low-yield agriculture in a pursuit of self-sufficiency that exacerbates drought.” <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj4172yl0l1o">BBC News</a> reported that authorities in the country have “sprayed clouds” with salts to “induce rain, in an attempt to combat” the worsening drought.</p>
<p><strong>TRUMP THREAT: </strong>The Trump administration will allow oil and gas drilling in Alaska’s North Slope – home to “some of the most important wildlife habitat in the Arctic” – the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/13/climate/trump-revokes-biden-ban-on-drilling-mining-in-alaska-wilderness.html?utm_source=cbnewsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=2025-11-14&utm_campaign=Daily+Briefing+COP30+fossil-fuel+fight+EU+loosens+green+rules+Global+oil+glut+">New York Times</a> reported. The announcement reverses a decision made during the Biden administration to restrict development in half of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, the newspaper said. Separately, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/usda-searched-terms-like-diversity-climate-modeling-target-grants-cancellation-2025-11-13/">Reuters</a> reported that the US Department of Agriculture directed its staff to identify grants for termination at the start of Trump’s second administration by searching for “words and phrases related to diversity and climate change”. </p>
<p><strong>FIELDS FLATTENED: </strong>Thousands of acres of sugarcane plantations in the Philippines’ Visayas islands were destroyed by Typhoon Tino earlier this month, the <a href="https://www.msn.com/en-ph/news/other/tino-damage-to-sugar-industry-reaches-p12-billion/ar-AA1Qsd0W">Philippine Star</a> reported. Damages to the country’s sugar industry have been estimated at 1.2bn Philippine dollars (£15.5m), it added. Sugar regulator administrator Pablo Luis Azcona told the <a href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/11/15/business/visayas-sugar-industry-losses-from-tino-top-p12b/2224488">Manila Times</a>: “We have seen entire fields decimated by Tino, especially in the fourth and fifth districts of Negros Occidental, where harvestable canes were flattened and flooded. We can only hope that these fields will be able to recover.” </p>
<p><strong>FARMS AND TREES:</strong> EU countries and the European parliament have provisionally agreed on an “overhaul” of farming subsidies, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/eu-agrees-relax-green-rules-farming-subsidy-reform-2025-11-11/">Reuters</a> reported. The changes would “exempt smaller farmers from baseline requirements tying their subsidies to efforts to protect the environment” and increase their potential payments, the newswire said. Campaigners told Reuters that these changes would make farmers more vulnerable to climate change. Elsewhere, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-12/european-nations-seek-one-year-delay-to-deforestation-law">Bloomberg</a> said EU countries are “pushing for a one-year delay” of the bloc’s planned anti-deforestation law – “seeking more time to comply” with the law compared to different <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2464">proposed</a> changes from the European Commission. </p>
<p><strong>ANOTHER FUND: </strong>Brazil is mulling over the creation of a new fund for preserving different biomes, such as the Cerrado, inspired by the Amazon Fund, <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ambiente/2025/11/governo-estuda-novo-fundo-para-biomas-diz-marina-silva.shtml">Folha de São Paulo</a> reported. Discussions are underway between Brazil’s president and the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), according to the newspaper. Separately, the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/11/17/brazil-amazon-drilling-emissions-cop30/">Washington Post</a> reported on how Brazil’s efforts to position itself as a climate leader at COP30 has been undermined by Lula’s approval of new oil drilling in the Amazon and elimination of environmental permits.</p>
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Spotlight</strong></h1>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Key COP30 pledges </strong></h3>
<p><em>This week, Carbon Brief outlines four of the biggest COP30 initiatives for food, land and forests. </em></p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Tropical Forest Forever Facility </h3>
<p>Brazil’s tropical <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cop30-could-brazils-tropical-forest-forever-fund-help-tackle-climate-change/">forest fund</a> – arguably the biggest forest announcement from this year’s climate talks – was hailed by WWF and others as a “<a href="https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/press_releases/?15153916/WWF-Historic-5-billion-TFFF-launch-is-the-gamechanger-nature-and-climate-need">gamechanger</a>” upon its launch almost two weeks ago. Since then, the fund has raised $5.5bn – far below even Brazil’s <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-04/cop30-brazil-lowers-initial-target-for-tropical-forest-forever-facility">reduced</a> target of $10bn by next year. </p>
<p>Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, Portugal, France and the Netherlands have all committed to pay into the fund, while <a href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/minister-germany-announce-contribution-lulas-070330506.html">Germany</a> has said it will announce its contribution soon. The <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/nov/05/uk-opts-out-of-flagship-fund-to-protect-amazon-and-other-threatened-tropical-forests">UK</a> and <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3332256/china-wont-back-brazil-rainforest-fund-points-rich-nations-lack-support-reports">China</a>, on the other hand, do not plan to pay in. </p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Intergovernmental Land Tenure Commitment</h3>
<p>This new “landmark” commitment aimed to “recognise and strengthen” the land rights on 160m hectares of Indigenous peoples and local community land by 2030, according to the <a href="https://forestclimateleaders.org/news-and-resources/governments-aim-to-collectively-recognise-160-million-hectares-of-indigenous-peoples-and-local-community-lands-in-tropical-forest-countr/">Forest & Climate Leaders’ Partnership</a>. </p>
<p>It has been backed by 14 countries, including Brazil, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia and the UK. </p>
<p>Relatedly, $1.8bn has been <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/11/donors-renew-1-8-billion-pledge-for-indigenous-land-rights/">pledged</a> from public and private funding to help secure land rights for Indigenous peoples, local communities and Afro-descendent communities in forests and other ecosystems. </p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Belém Declaration on Hunger, Poverty and People-Centered Climate Action </h3>
<p>Signatories of this declaration committed to a number of actions aiming to address the “unequal distribution of climate impacts”, including expanding social protection systems and supporting climate adaptation for small farmers.</p>
<p>It was <a href="https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/leaders-sign-declaration-on-hunger-poverty-and-people-centered-climate-action">adopted</a> by 43 countries and the EU. A German minister <a href="https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/meio-ambiente/noticia/2025-11/environment-minister-hunger-climate-crisis-must-be-tackled-together">described</a> it as a “pioneering step in linking climate action, social protection and food security”. </p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Belém 4X</h3>
<p>This <a href="https://cop30.br/en/news-about-cop30/brazil-pledges-to-quadruple-production-of-sustainable-fuels">initiative</a> aimed to gather high-level support to quadruple the production and use of “sustainable fuels”, such as hydrogen and biofuels, by 2035. </p>
<p>It was launched by Brazil and has been backed by 23 countries so far, including Canada, Italy, Japan and the Netherlands. </p>
<p>However, the pledge has been “rejected” by some NGOs, including <a href="https://climatenetwork.org/2025/11/10/cop30-can-rejects-belem-4x-pledge-on-sustainable-fuels-as-credible-pathway-to-just-transition/">Climate Action Network</a> and <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/southeastasia/press/68062/reject-quadrupling-bioenergy-use/">Greenpeace</a>, who criticised the environmental impact of <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-countries-are-using-biofuels-to-meet-their-climate-targets/">biofuels</a>. </p>
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Watch, read, listen</strong></h1>
<p><strong>FOOD CHAT: </strong><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-climate-nutrition-story-with-oliver-camp/id1540114536?i=1000735524496">Bite the Talk</a>, a podcast by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, explored the “critical intersection of climate change and nutrition”. </p>
<p><strong>TRUE SAVIOURS: </strong>On Instagram, the <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DRDWQqGkqk4/?igsh=MWlrYmVieWlyNTJ0dg==">Washington Post</a> published a list of 50 plant and animal species that “have enriched and even saved human lives”.</p>
<p><strong>NO MORE WASTE:</strong> A comment piece by the founder of London’s Community Kitchen in the <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/food-waste-taz-khan-climate-cop30-b2860926.html">Independent</a> addressed the relevance of food waste to the climate agenda.</p>
<p><strong>FOREST FRENZY: </strong>The <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/28f1a67c-331e-4081-b2b3-5f2d325d38c7">Financial Times</a> spoke to Amazon climate scientist Prof Carlos Nobre about tipping points and his “zeal for saving the rainforest”.</p>
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>New science</strong></h1>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Floods led to a 4.3% global reduction in annual rice yield over 1980-2015, with crop losses accelerating after the year 2000 – “coinciding with a climate change-induced uptick in the frequency and severity” of floods | <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adx7799">Science Advances</a></li>
<li>Loss of African montane forests led to local “microclimate” warming of 2.0-5.6C over 2003-22, diminishing the “temperature-buffering capacity” of the forests | <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02950-6">Communications Earth & Environment</a></li>
<li>“Prolonged” drought is linked to an increase in conflict between humans and wildlife – especially carnivores | <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adx0286">Science Advances</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>In the diary</strong></h1>
<div class="wp-block-spacer" style="height: 20px;"></div>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>10-21 November:</strong> <a href="https://unfccc.int/cop30">COP30 UN climate summit</a> | Belém, Brazil</li>
<li><strong>22-23 November:</strong> <a href="https://g20.org/">G20 leaders’ summit</a> | Johannesburg, South Africa</li>
<li><strong>24-29 November: </strong><a href="https://www.fao.org/plant-treaty/meetings/en/">11th session of the governing body of the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture</a> | Lima, Peru</li>
<li><strong>1-5 December: </strong><a href="https://www.worldwatercongress.com/">XIX World Water Congress</a> | Marrakech, Morocco</li>
</ul>
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<p class="has-text-align-center"><em>Cropped is researched and written by </em><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/author/giulianaviglione" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><em>Dr Giuliana Viglione</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/author/arunachandrasekhar" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><em>Aruna Chandrasekhar</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/author/daisydunne" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><em>Daisy Dunne</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/author/orladwyer/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><em>Orla Dwyer</em></a><em> and </em><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/author/yanine-quiroz/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><em>Yanine Quiroz</em></a><em>. <em> </em><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/author/ayeshatandon/"><em>Ayesha Tandon</em></a><em> also contributed to this issue.</em></em> <em>Please send tips and feedback t</em>o <a href="mailto:[email protected]" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><em>[email protected]</em></a></p>
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<p class="text-tag-meta">08.10.25</p>
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<a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped-24-september-2025-high-seas-treaty-milestone-erratic-water-cycle-family-food-at-cop30/"><img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/hero-5-01-2-300x200.png" /></a>
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<p class="text-header-s content"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped-24-september-2025-high-seas-treaty-milestone-erratic-water-cycle-family-food-at-cop30/">Cropped 24 September 2025: High Seas Treaty milestone; ‘Erratic’ water cycle; Family food at COP30</a></p>
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<p class="text-tag-s">Cropped</p>
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<p class="text-tag-meta">24.09.25</p>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped-19-november-2025-cop30-edition/">Cropped 19 November 2025: COP30 edition</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org">Carbon Brief</a>.</p>